Expected New Moons and Appointed Times for 2025

Listed below are the computations for 2025 for the expected dates of New Moon visibility from Israel. The possible projected dates for the Appointed Times for 2025 are given in a second table below the New Moons table.

PLEASE NOTE: The "Date of Visibility" column dates are the dates on which the New Moon is expected to be seen--beginning at sunset of the listed day. All dates listed are to be reckoned from sunset of listed day and date through the next day at sunset in the following New Moon table.

**2025/2026 New Moon Data**
New Moon	Date of Visibility	Sunset	Moon Set	Lag Time	% of Illum.	Moon Alt.	Sun Alt.	VN	Sighted?
11th	Wednesday, January 1, 2025	4:46	6:14	88 min.	3.39%	14.2	-17.5	202.8	1/1/2025
12th	Thursday, January 30, 2025	5:12	6:15	63 min.	1.65 %	11.2	-13.0	137.9	1/30/2025
13th	Saturday, March 1, 2025	5:37	7:21	104 min.	3.75 %	20.2	-22.1	251.1
1st	Sunday, March 30, 2025	6:57	8:19	82 min.	2.28 %	15.5	-17.0	184.6
2nd	Monday, April 28, 2025	7:17	8:21	64 min.	1.30 %	11.2	-12.6	131.6
3rd	Wednesday, May 28, 2025	7:37	8.33	56 min.	3.8 %	20.1	-19.9	252.0
4th	Thursday, June 26, 2025	7:48	9:10	82 min.	2.32 %	14.2	-14.1	172.6
5th	Saturday, July 26, 2025*	7:40	8:59	79 min.	4.29%	15.3	-14.6	207.2
6th	Sunday, August 24, 2025*	7:13	7:55	42 min.	2.16 %	8.07	-8.78	110.9
7th	Tuesday, September 23, 2025	6:34	7:15	41 min.	3.21 %	7.32	-8.68	124.3
8th	Thursday, October 23, 2025	5:58	6:48	50 min.	4.13 %	8.18	-10.5	152.4
9th	Monday, November 22, 2025	4:37	5:57	80 min.	4.98 %	12.2	-16.2	213.3
10th	Sunday, December 21, 2025	4:39	5:44	65 min.	2.34 %	10.0	-12.6	144.8
11th	Tuesday, January 20, 2026	5:02	6:39	97 min.	3.34 %	17.2	-19.8	223.7
12th	Wednesday, February 18, 2026	5:28	6:32	64 min.	1.51 %	12.1	-13.6	140.6
1st	Friday, March 20, 2026	5:50	7:34	104 min.	3.47 %	19.6	-21.3	241.2

* Saturday, July 26, 2025 - The moon may possibly be visible one evening earlier, but most likely not. Here are the stats for that date: On Friday evening, July 25, 2025, we expect a 7:41 pm sunset & 8:26 pm moon set (therefore, a lag time of 45 minutes), a whopping 6.04 % of illumination, with a lunar altitude at sunset of 13.6 degrees and a solar altitude of -14.1 at moonset. VN = 222.7

* Sunday, August 24, 2025 - The moon may possibly not be visible one evening later, but most likely not. Here are the stats for that date: On Monday evening, August 25, 2025, we expect a 7:11 pm sunset & 8:21 pm moon set (therefore, a lag time of 70 minutes), 5.81 % of illumination, with a lunar altitude at sunset of 15.0 degrees and a solar altitude of -20.2 at moonset. VN = 259.0

**2025 Appointed Times (March 30th/31st New Year)**
Event	begins sunset of	ends sunset of
Passover (Lord's Supper) - Aviv 14	Saturday, April 12	Sunday, April 13
Feast of Unleavens (1st day) - Aviv 15	Sunday, April 13	Monday, April 14
Elevation Sheaf Day (aka "wave sheaf")	Saturday, April 19	Sunday, April 20
Feast of Unleavens (7th day) - Aviv 21	Saturday, April 19	Sunday, April 20
Pentecost	Saturday, June 7	Sunday, June 8
Day of Shouting (aka "Trumpets")	Tuesday, September 23	Wednesday, September 24
Day of Atonement	Thursday, October 2	Friday, October 3
Feast of Tabernacles (1st day)	Tuesday, October 7	Wednesday, October 8
8th Day Assembly	Tuesday, October 14	Wednesday, October 15

Understanding the Calculations

Visibility Number (VN) is the difference between the sun and moon setting times plus 27 times the illuminated percent of the moon plus 5.5 times the altitude of the moon at sunset minus 5 times the altitude of the sun at moonset, all divided by 1.7.

If the VN is:

* less than 88 then the New Moon will not be seen
* between 88 and 100, it will probably not be seen
* between 100 and 112, it will probably be seen
* anything greater than 112, it will be seen in reasonable conditions.

EXAMPLE: The sun will set in Jerusalem at 6:37. The moon will set at 7:36. This is a 59 minute lag time (lag time = the time between sunset and moonset) -- plenty of time for the sky to darken enough after sunset for the moon to be sighted. 2.39% of the lunar surface will be illuminated. And the moon's altitude at sunset will be 11.4 degrees. The sun's altitude at moonset will be -12.6 degrees.

So using the calculations, we have 59 [lag time] + (27 x 2.39 = 64.53) [27 times illuminated percent] + (5.5 x 11.4 = 62.7) [5.5 times lunar altitude] - (5 x -12.6 = -63) [5 times sun's altitude] divided by 1.7 = 146.6

As seen above, anything over 112 should be visible (the higher the number, the greater the visibility), and we have a VN of 146.6 -- hence, New Moon!

Email: Brian Hoeck

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